An advanced cancer treatment that combines two components: a boron-containing compound that preferentially accumulates in tumor cells, and a low-energy neutron beam that triggers a nuclear reaction within the boron atoms. When exposed to neutrons, the boron-10 isotope undergoes fission, releasing high-energy alpha particles and lithium nuclei that kill only the cancer cells containing the boron compound. BNCT offers “cell-level” precision, sparing surrounding healthy tissue while delivering a lethal dose to tumor cells. This therapy is particularly effective for treatment-resistant cancers like glioblastoma multiforme, head and neck cancers, and melanoma, with minimal side effects compared to conventional radiation therapy. As of 2026, BNCT centers are operational in Japan, the United States, and Europe, with ongoing clinical trials demonstrating 50% higher survival rates for certain brain cancer patients compared to standard treatments.