The official renaming of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) by the World Gastroenterology Organization (WGO) in 2026, reflecting a paradigm shift in understanding the condition’s systemic nature beyond liver involvement. MAFLD better describes the disease’s root causes in metabolic dysfunction, insulin resistance, and obesity-related complications rather than defining it by the absence of alcohol consumption. The new classification system includes three subtypes: metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), and metabolic dysfunction-associated cirrhosis. This redefinition has led to improved diagnostic accuracy, with clinicians now focusing on metabolic markers (insulin resistance, triglyceride levels, waist circumference) alongside liver imaging. Global prevalence of MAFLD is estimated at 25% of the adult population, with the new terminology helping to reduce stigma and promote multidisciplinary treatment approaches addressing both liver health and metabolic comorbidities. The WGO guidelines now recommend lifestyle interventions, GLP-1 agonists, and SGLT2 inhibitors as first-line treatments, with early data showing 40% improvement in liver fibrosis with comprehensive metabolic management.